| Drug Name |
Category |
Comments |
| Moxalactam |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Cephalosporin
3rd generation |
IV. Penetrates CNS.
Adverse Effects: May show Disulfarim-like reaction; don't take with
EtOH. May also see occassional bleeding. |
| Cefepine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Cephalosporin
4th generation |
Actually a fourth generation, brand new
drug, with extended spectrum and greater resistance to beta-Lactamase
inactivation. |
|
| Bacitracin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Intracellular |
Bactericidal. It is only used as a topical
antibacterial. Severe nephrotoxicity prevents systemic use. Inhibits
cell-wall synthesis intracellularly. |
| Vancomycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Intracellular |
Given IV for gram-positives, or PO for GI
superinfections (as a topical, intraluminal antibiotic). It is not
absorbed through the GI tract.
MECH = inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis intracellularly -- rather than
extracellularly as in the beta-lactams. Resistance is a recent problem. |
| Aztreonam |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Monobactam |
beta-Lactamase resistant. Effective against
gram-negative aerobes such as Pseudomonas, Serratia.
Little or no activity against gram-positives or anaerobes. |
| Augmentin
(Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins |
Combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid is called
Augmentin. Good choice for pediatric Otitis Media. |
| Benzathine Penicillin G |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins |
Relatively insoluble salt of penicillin is given
IM as a "depot" preparation, for long-term storage in muscle
and sustained release. |
| Penicillin G |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins |
Active against gram-positives. |
| Penicillin V
|
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins |
Acid-stable Pencillin G, thus it can be
given PO. Active against Gram-positives. |
| Amoxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Broad-Spectrum |
Broad-spectrum agent. Increased
gram-negative activity |
| Ampicillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Broad-Spectrum |
Broad-spectrum agent. PO. Increased
gram-negative activity. Acid-stable, but beta-lactamase
sensitive.
90% of patients with Mononucleosis get a rash while
receiving this drug. |
| Carbenicillin indamyl |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Extended-Spectrum |
Extended-Spectrum agent.
Acid-stable ester of carbenicillin, recently
developed, that can be given orally. |
| Carbenicillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Extended-Spectrum |
IV, acid-labile drug.
Extended-Spectrum agent. Proteus and
Pseudomonas. For Pseudomonas, use combination therapy with
aminoglycoside, as rapid resistance can develop. |
| Mezlocillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Extended-Spectrum |
Extended-Spectrum agent. Proteus
and Pseudomonas. |
| Piperacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Extended-Spectrum |
Extended-Spectrum agent. Proteus,
Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. |
| Ticarcillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Extended-Spectrum |
Extended-Spectrum agent. Proteus
and Pseudomonas. |
| Cloxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Highly protein-bound.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Dicloxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Highly protein-bound.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Floxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Highly protein-bound.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Methicillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Given only IV, because it is
acid-labile. Altered PBP's appears to be the mode of
resistance in the case of Staph. Aureus. beta-Lactamase
Resistant. |
| Nafcillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Unique biliary
excretion.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Oxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Highly protein-bound.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Colistmethate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Membrane-Active |
Only used topically: ointment, or injection into pleural
or joint cavities. Can be used topically for gram-negative bacterial
overgrowth. |
| Polymixin B |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Membrane-Active |
Only used topically: ointment, or injection into pleural
or joint cavities. Can be used topically for gram-negative bacterial
overgrowth. |
| Trimethoprim |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor |
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Indicated for
complicated UTI's. as a second-line drug, and AIDS Pneumocystic
Pneumonia. Other uses too. |
| Co-Trimoxazole
(Sulfame thoxazole - Trimethoprim) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Adverse Effects: May see adverse effects of either
constituent drug, as well as fever, rashes, vomiting, diarrhea.
Side-effects prominent in AIDS patients receiving the drug for the
treatment of Pneumocystis Pneumonia. |
| Mafenide
(Sulfamylon) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Does not have a para-amino group, thus it has a
different structure and mode of action, and it is not an analog of PABA.
It is not inactives by the presence of pus or necrotic tissue, thus it
is ideal to use with burn patients. |
| Silver Sulfadiazine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Topical administration, for treating
burn patients. |
| Sodium Sulfacetamide |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Ophthalmic administration, for treating
conjunctivitis. |
| Sulfacytine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
|
| Sulfadiazine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used to treat systemic infections. |
| Sulfamethoxazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used widely in UTI's. |
| Sulfapyridine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used to treat Dermatitis Herpetiformis. |
| Sulfasalazine
(Salicyl-azosulfapyridine) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Poorly absorbed in GI tract. Used for the topical
treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The drug is
cleaved by bacteria in the colon, into sulfonamide and amino-salicylate.
Amino-salicylate then has local anti-inflammatory
effects in the colon. |
| Sulfisoxazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used widely in UTI's. Also used to treat Nocardiosis. |
| Chloramphenicol |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Indicated for CNS infections, Salmonella
Typhoid Fever, H. Influenzae.
Toxicity: (1) Dose-dependent anemia, (2) aplastic anemia,
(3) gray-baby syndrome, due to lack of
glucuronyl-transferase in babies. |
| Clindamycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Similar to erythromycin. C. Difficile is
resistant, thus Pseudomembranous Colitis is a feared
complication of the drug. Indicated for mixed anaerobic infections. |
| Spectinomycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Structurally related to aminoglycosides. Administered
IM for treatment of penicillin-resistant
gonorrhea. |
| Azithromycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
|
| Clarithromycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
|
| Erythrmoycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
IV or PO. Orally, it must be given in an acid-resistant
(enteric coated) capsule, to prevent acid-breakdown in the stomach.
Often used in penicillin-allergic patients. Indications:
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, Cornybacteria, Legionnaire's
Disease. |
| Erythromycin Estolate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
Acid-resistant ester of erythromycin
can be given PO. Cholestatic hepatitis can occur with
use. |
| Spiramycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide
Anti-Parasitic |
Indicated for treatment of Cryptosporidiosis. |
| Chlortetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Very incomplete oral absorption. Like tetracycline. |
| Demeclocycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Complete oral absorption. Intermediate half-life. Used
to treat the Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH).
Photosensitive: especially photosensitive and associated with
Fanconi-like syndrome if it has been photo-degraded. |
| Doxycycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Complete oral absorption. Exclusively hepatic clearance. |
| Minocycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Complete oral absorption. Long-lasting. |
| Oxytetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Incomplete oral absorption |
| Tetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Incomplete oral absorption, but it's still given orally.
Indicated for Rickettsiae, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Lyme
Disease. It's a broad-spectrum antibiotic, so you can
also see bacterial superinfection. It chelates calcium:
never use during pregnancy, never give to children, do not take with
food. |
| Amikacin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Newest agents. Currently effective against strains that
are resistant to the other aminoglycosides. |
